lesson 5 - preverbs

vocab

󱥑 pipiinsect, bug, spider, tiny crawling creature

󱤷 molideath, dead, die, dying; kill, murder

󱤎 ilotool, implement, machine, device

󱤖 kamaarrive, approach, summon; future preverbto become

󱥷 wilewant, desire, wish, require preverbwant to

󱤈 awenstay, remain, wait, pause; protect, keep safe; continue preverbcontinue to

󱥡 sonaknowledge, information, data; know, be skilled in, be wise about preverbknow how to

󱤘 kenability, permission; possibility, maybe; allow, enable preverbto be able to

󱤮 lukinlook, view, examine, read, watch; eye, seeing organ preverbto try to

notes

󱤖 kama, 󱥷 wile, 󱤈 awen, 󱥡 sona, 󱤘 ken, 󱤮 lukin are preverbs! words have different meanings when used as preverbs and otherwise. the preverb meaning of a word is marked separately.

there are two words you already know on this list, 󱤘 ken and 󱤮 lukin, but their preverb meanings are new.

lesson

preverbs

preverbs go before the predicate and modify it.

preverbs can only be modified with the word 󱤂 ala, to negate it. you can also put multiple preverbs after each other.

subject 󱤧 preverb predicate (󱤉 object)
subject li preverb predicate (e object)

examples

󱤴 󱤘󱤂 󱤷󱤉󱥑
mi ken ala moli e pipi

i can't kill the bug

󱥞 󱤘󱤖 󱥔
sina ken kama pona

you can become good

󱥴󱥦󱤧 󱤈 󱥷󱤉󱥑
waso suwi li awen wile e pipi

the cute bird still wants a bug

exercises

translate from toki pona to english

mi ken awen wawa

we can stay strong

weka ona li wawa e jan mute

their absence empowers the people

jan li kama e moku

the person brings food

waso li pali e ilo toki

the bat is making a phone

jan li pali e ni · mi wile awen soweli

humans make me want to remain an animal

mi wile e ni · sina lukin e pipi pona

i wish that you see good bugs

translate from english to toki pona

i wanna learn toki pona

mi wile kama sona toki pona

i can't see that

mi ken ala lukin e ni

i am protecting you

mi awen e sina

i saw that you fixed our house

mi lukin e ni · sina pona e tomo mi

this tool strengthens the bugs

ilo ni li wawa e pipi

i'm trying to see my glasses

mi lukin lukin e ilo lukin mi

read sitelen pona

󱤴󱤮󱥉󱤉󱤎󱥔

mi lukin pali e ilo pona
i try to build good tools

󱥴󱤧󱤈󱤮󱤉󱥞

waso li awen lukin e sina
the bird keeps looking at you

󱥆󱤧󱥷󱤶󱤉󱥑

ona li wile moku e pipi
they wanna eat bugs

󱤑󱤧󱤖󱥡󱥬󱥔

jan li kama sona toki pona
people come to know how to speak well
people learn to speak toki pona

󱥴󱤧󱥡󱥴

waso li sona waso
birds know how to be birds

󱥢󱤧󱤘󱤶󱤉󱥞

soweli li ken moku e sina
animals can eat you


secret preverbs

i teach 󱤮 lukin as a preverb that means "to try". it's extremely common to use 󱤃 alasa for this instead!

there's also some who use two additional preverbs, 󱥇 open and 󱥐 pini, meaning "to start" and "to finish".